Cigar-bunch-shaping machine.



PATENTED JAN. 3, 1905.

J. D. LAOROIX. CIGAR BUNCH SHAPING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEG.11. I901.

6 SHEETS-SHEET l.

N VEN 70/? fame a Z Zamoz' 2: a r i A TTOHNE YS No. 779,868. 7 PATENTED JAN. 3, 1905.

J. D. LACRCIX.

CIGAR BUNCH SHAPING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.11,1901

I 6 SHEETS-SHICBT 2.

IJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIK" No. 779,868. PATENTBD JAN. 3, 1905.

. J. D. LAOROIX.

CIGAR BUNCH SHAPING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.11, 1901.

6 SHEETSSHEET 3.

I J wmvsssssh g No. 779,368. PATENTED JAN. 3, 1905.

J. D. LAGROIX.

CIGAR BUNCH SHAPING MAGHINE.

' APPLIOATIONIILED 11110.11, 1901.

6 SHEETS-SHEBT 4.

No. 779,368. PATENTED JAN. 3, 1905.

I J. D. LAGROIX.

CIGAR BUNCH SHAPING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED 1130.11, 1901.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

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ATTORNEYS v No. 779,368. PATENTED JAN. 3, 1905. J. D. LACROIX.

CIGAR BUNCH SHAPING MACHINE.

, APPLICATION FILED DEC. 11, 1901.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

WITNESSES: IN VENTOR fiweyvk Z Zacraiz UNITED STATES Patented January 3, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH D. LAOROIX, OF NEWV ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, ASSIGNOR TO EUGENE H. DAVIS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

ClGAR-BUNCH-SHAPING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 779,368, dated January 3, 1905.

Application filed. December 11, 1901. Serial No. 85,453.

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOSEPH D. LACROIX, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New Orleans, in the parish of Orleans and State of Louisiana. have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cigar-Bunch- Shaping Machines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of the invention is to provide a new and improved cigar-bunch-shaping machine designed either for independent use or for use in connection with a cigar and cheroot bunch making or rolling machine and arranged for uniformly and properly shaping, forming, setting, and drying bunches in large quantities and in a comparatively short time, giving a perfectly smooth surface to the bunches and without danger of breaking or injuring the binder, to facilitate'wrapping by hand or machine, and to insure the final production of a high-grade cigar or cheroot.

The invention consists of novel features and parts and combinations of the same, as will be fully described hereinafter and then pointed out in the claims.

A practical embodiment of my invention is represented in the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a plan view of the improvement. Fig. 2 is a sectional side elevation of the same on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional side elevation of the bunchcarrier, the means for pressing the cup-covers, and devices for leading the bunch to the carrier and for removing the finished bunch therefrom. Figs. 4, 5,and 6 are similar views of the same with parts in adifferent position. Fig. 7 is a transverse section of the improvement. Fig. 8 is a plan view of the operatinglink for moving the feed-carriage alternately to the two bunch-carriers. Fig. 9 is an end elevation of the cutting device for cutting off the ends of the bunch in the feed-carriage, and Fig. 10 is an enlarged cross-section of one of the pin-arms and the pin for engaging and lifting the finished bunch from the carrier.

As illustrated in the drawings, I construct the machine with two bunch-carriers A and A, alike in construction and mounted in separate compartments B B, but receiving the bunches alternately from a feeding device O, in which the bunches are placed either by hand or automatically from a bunch-making machine. While the arrangement described is a very desirable one, I do not limit myself to this construction, as only a single carrier or more than two carriers may be employed, if desired.

Each carrier A A is preferably cylindrical in shape and is secured on a shaft D, journaled in suitable bearings carried by the compartments B B, and each shaft D receives an intermittent rotary motion, so as to rotate the carriers A A intermittently, as hereinafter more fully explained. Each of the carriers A A is provided in its peripheral face with cups A for the reception of the bunches E, which are pressed by the covers A during the time the bunches are carried around in the corresponding compartment B or B by the carriers A or A. The covers A held on the cups A are pressed inward to give the desired shape to the bunch, and in order to exert the desired pressure on said covers I provide a pressure device, preferably arranged in the shape of endless sprocket chains F, extending over sprocket-wheels F, F F and F, of which the two wheels F and F are journaled in adjustable screw-rods F to give the desired tension to the sprocket-chains, portions of which extend around the exterior surfaces of the covers A so as to hold the same in position and press the same gradually inward as the carrier is rotated. (See Figs. 3, 4:, 5, and 6.)

The engaging portions of the chains F for pressing the cup-covers extend around the carrier at both sides near the top opening of the corresponding compartment B or B, and in order to hold the covers A of the entrancecups in place until they reach the right-hand upper end of said engaging portions of the chains F, I provide a segmental leaf Gr, hinged to the compartment, at the top thereof, and extending downwardly and inwardly, as is plainly indicated in Figs. 3, l, 5, and 6. A similar leaf G engages the cup-covers of the exit-cups, and this segmental leaf Gr is pivoted to the compartment, at the inside thereof, and extends upwardly and outwardly. as is plainly indicated in said figures, it being understood that the carriers A and A rotate intermittently in the direction of the arrow to. The number of cups A in each carrier exceeds the number of covers A by one, and the top of each compartment B and B is formed with an opening for the top portion of the corresponding carriers to extend through, the opening being suificiently large so that two cups A are always at the opening at the time the carrier is at rest. The right-hand cup A of the two outer or exposed top cups is the entrance-cup for receiving a bunch from the feeding device 0, (see Figs. 3, i, 5, and 6,) while the adjacent cup to the left contains the finished bunch and is the exit-cup, the finished bunch being removed from the exit-cup after the cover of the latter has been lifted off and transferred to the right-hand entrance-cup after the latter has received a new bunch from the feeding device. Now in order to place a new bunch in the entrance-cup from the feeding device (1,1 provide a pushing device H, operating in conjunction with the feeding device and actuated from a cam on the main shaft 1, connected by a pulley and belt or the like with other machinery for imparting a continuous rotary motion to said main shaft I.

In order to transfer the top cover A from the exit or discharge cup to the entrance-cup at the top of the carrier, I provide a traveling device J, actuated from cams J J J on the main shaft 1, and in order to remove the finished bunch from the exit-cup 1 provide a bunch removing device K, operated from cams K on the main shaft 1. The latter is also connected by suitable mechanisms, hereinafter more fully described, with the feeding device C and with the shaft D to insure synchronous working of the various parts of the machine.

During the time the bunches are contained in a carrier A or A and travel with the latter in the corresponding compartment B or B, 1 subject the bunches to the action of heat of a high or low degree or to the action of forced or exhaust air, vitalized air, or other fluid to insure perfect setting, pressing, drying, and forming of the bunches, it being understood that the drying is accomplished by removing the moisture from the bunch during the time the bunch is pressed by the covers. Ordinarily it will be sufficient to heat the compartments, and for this purpose I provide each compartment with a steam-coil B connected with a suitable source of steamsupply; but it is expressly understood that I do not limit myself to this arrangement.

The feeding device C consists, essentially, of a carriage mounted to travel in a V-shaped path on the top of a table L, secured to the compartments B and B, and said carriage is provided with two transversely extending members C C, having their inner sides beveled and spaced apart for receiving a bunch to be delivered to one of the carriers A or A, according to the direction in which the carriage is traveling at the time. The member is provided with rearwardly-extending rods C mounted to slide in the other member, C, and springs U are coiled on the rear ends of said rods 0", the springs pressing at their forward ends against the member C and at their rear ends against heads C attached to the rods 0 The springs (1* serve to draw the member (J toward the member C, so as to securely hold the bunch in position in the carriage; but while the latter is in a rearmost position, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the members C and C are open that is, pressed farther apart by the heads C abutting against fixed stops C on top of the table F.

On the member C is arranged a pivot-pin N, provided with a lozenge-shaped shoe.N extending into a V-shaped groove having the legs L and L and formed in the table L to guide the carriage to either of the carriers A or A. The pivot-pin N is pivotally connected with a link N, pivoted to a link N extending forward and pivot-ally connected with the slotted end N of a bell-crank lever N engaging a cam (3, secured on the main shaft I, so that when the latter is rotated said cam imparts an intermittent reciprocating motion to the feed-carriage by the action of the bellcrank lever N and links N and N. In order to cause the shoe N to alternately travel the legs L and L of the V-shaped groove, 1 provide a switch L for the apex end of the V- shaped groove to open and close the entrance to said legs alternately, so that the shoe N travels in the proper direction. This switch L is pivoted on the table L and is provided at its forward end with a depending pin L engaging a cam-groove N, formed in the link N (See Fig. 8.)

The cam-groove N acts on the pin L at the time the carriage nears the end of a full stroke to throw the switch over to close that leg along which the carriage traveled during the last full stroke, so that on the next full stroke of the carriage the latter travels along the other leg just opened by the switch.

The cam-groove i is formed with two parallel members i 7 N extending lengthwise of the link N disconnected at the outer ends and connected with each other at the inner ends by oblique crossing members N N, the entrances to which are guarded by springs N N, so that when the machine is in operation the pin L" travels, say, first rearwardly in the member N, then passes by the spring N into the oblique member N to the rear end of the member N to shift the switch L while passing through the oblique member N On the return stroke of the link N the pin If travels along the member N past the free end of the spring I 12 to the outer end of the member I and then back again on the next rearward stroke of the link until the spring N guides the pin into the oblique member N and to the inner end of the member N. The switch L is moved into the opposite position by the pin traveling through the oblique member I By the arrangement described the carriage of the feeding device while at a standstill at the apex of the V-shaped groove in the table, as shown in Fig. 1, receives a bunch which is carried by the carriage to, say, the carrier A, and then pushed from the latter by the pushing device H into the entrance-cup of the carrier A, and then said carriage returns to its rearmost position during one half-revolution of the shaft I to then receive a second bunch, which is carried during the next halfrevolution of the shaft I to the other bunchcarrier A and delivered to the entrance-cup thereof, after which the carriage returns to its normal rearmost position at the completion of the full revolution of the shaft I. In order to bring the carriage into proper posi tion over the carrier A or A at the time the carriage reaches the end of its forward stroke along the corresponding leg L or L I provide the table L with sets of stops If for the member O of the carriage to abut against, the other member, O being cut out at the under side to clear the stops at the time the carriage moves into a forward position.

On the sides of the members O and O of the feed-carriage are arranged pairs of cutters O, pivoted on a transversely-extending pivot O, held in an arm O projecting upwardly from the rear end of a lever O having its forward end in contact with a cam O, secured on the shaft I. This cam O* and lever O serve to impart an up-and-down movement to the pairs of cutters O, so that the cutters move out of the way of the members O and C during the time the feed-carriage is traveling and move into position at the ends of the members O and O to cut the projecting ends of the bunch to insure the production of bunches of uniform length.

In order to open and close the individual cutters of each set, I provide-the lower ends of said cutters with links O connected with a transverse pivot O, carried on a lever O, engaging at its forward end a cam O secured on the main shaft I, so that when the latter is rotated the cam O imparts a swinging motion to the lever O so that the links O open and close the cutters simultaneously to cut off the ends of the bunch at the time the latter is in position in the feed-carriage then at rest in a rearmost position. The pivot O is provided with a guide-pin O, loosely engaginga recess in the under side of the arm O to insure uniform opening and closing of the individual cutters in the sets. (See Figs. 2 and 9.)

The pushing device H for each of the carriers A and A is provided with a pusher-bar H extending transversely and secured at the outer end on a bar H mounted to slide in a bracket H, attached to the corresponding compartment B or B, and the lower end of each bar H is pivotally connected with the slotted end of a lever H engaged by a cam on the shaft I, so that when the latter is rotated the cam imparts a swinging motion to the lever H, so that the bar H is moved downward and upward to push the bunch from the feeding device O into the corresponding entrance-cup of the carrier A or A.

The traveling device J for the cover of each carrier A or A consists, essentially, of two oppositely-arranged angular bars J provided -"\t their inner ends with lugs J and pins J adapted to engage apertures A formed in the ends of the covers A so that when said pins J G engage the apertures and an upward movement is given to the angular bars J 4 then the cover is lifted from the discharge-cup, and when a swinging motion is given to the cup, and on a downward movement now being given to the bars J the cover is engaged with the entrance-cup to press the newly-deposited bunch therein. The pins J and apertures A are angular, as is plainly indicated in Fig. 7, to allow of ready engagement of the pins with and disengagement from the apertures, the desired transverse swinging motion being given to the bars J for the purpose.

Each of the bars J is hinged on the upper end of an arm J, having an elongated slot through which extends loosely the shaft D, so that the latter forms a bearing for the arm J Near the lower end of the arm J 7 is arranged a pin J engaging the slotted end J of a lever J engaging the cam J, preferably mounted so that when the shaft I is ro tated the cam J imparts an intermittent swinging motion to the l'ever J to cause the arm J to move up and down, thus giving the necessary up-and-down movement to the bar J In order to swing each bar J to turn the same on the shaft D as the fulcrum, I provide the upper end of the arm J with an elongated slot J, engaged by a pin J held on a link gaging the cam J so that when the shaft I is rotated the cam J 2 imparts an intermittent rocking motion to the lever J to cause the link J to impart the necessary motion to the arm J and bar J for moving the cover engaged at the time from the discharge-cup to the entrance-cup and then to return back to the normal position. (Shown in Figs. 1 and 2.)

In order to impart a transverse swinging motion to the bar J to engage the pins J with and disengage them from the apertures A, I provide the upper end of each arm J with a pin J engaging the U-shaped slot J in one end of a lever J engaging at its other end J connected with a bell-crank lever J en' bars J the cover is carried over the entrancethe cam J held on the shaft I. Thus when the latter is rotated the cam J imparts an intermittent swinging motion to the lever J so that a transverse swinging motion is given to the bar J for the purpose above described. In order to properly guide the arm J I provide the lower end of the arm J 7 with a transverse pin J engaging a U-shaped groove in a fixed guide J said groove corresponding to the slot J previously referred to.

When the several parts are in the position shown in Figs. 3 and 7, the transferring device J commences to operate-"that is, the bars J* begin to move downward and are then swung inward to engage the pins J G with the apertures A, and then the bar is moved upward to lift the cover A from the dischargecup A (see Fig. 5,) after which a rearward swinging motion is given to the bars J to bring the cover over to the entrance-cup A and then the bars J move downward to deposit the cover on the entrance-cup A after which the bars J move outward to disengage the cover and then return to their former normal position, it being understood that during this transferring of the cover from the discharge-cup to the entrance-cup the finished bunch is removed by the removing device K and an intermittent motion is given to the carrier to bring the last discharge-cup into po sition for receiving a new bunch.

The shaft D receives an intermittent swinging motion for rotating each carrier A A in the direction of the arrow a, as previously mentioned, and for this purpose I provide the arrangement shown in Fig. 2, in which a hookpawl D' is fulcrumed on the link J and engages a ratchet-wheel D fastened on the shaft D, a spring D serving to hold the hookpawl D in engagement with the teeth of the ratchetwheel Now when the arm J swings rearward at its upper end then the hook-pawl D glides loosely over a tooth of the ratchet-wheel D, and when said arm J swings in the reverse direction then the link J 13 carries the hook-pawl D along, and a turning motion is thus given to the ratchet-wheel D the shaft D, and the corresponding carrier A or A.

The bunch-removing device K for each carrier A A consists, essentially, of two oppositely-disposed pins K, adapted to pass into the ends of the bunch at the center thereof and through the end openings formed between the discharge-cup A and its cover A The pins K are held transversely adjustable in split nuts K, screwing in arms K mounted to rock with and to slide transversely on a shaft K having an arm K engaging a cam secured on the shaft I, so that when the latter is rotated a rocking motion is given by the cam and the arm K to the shaft 1 to swing the arms K" upward and downward. In order to impart a transverse sliding movement to the arms K on the shaft 1 I provide the hubs of said arms K with annular grooves K engaged by shifting-levers K controlled by the cams K on the shaft I, so that when the shaft is rotated the cams impart a laterally-swinging motion to the shifting-levers K to slide the hubs K on the shaft K.

By the arrangement described it will be seen when the arms K swing downward at the time they are farthest apart then their pins K will stand in transverse alinement with the center of the finished bunch in the dischargecup A and when the arms K are now moved toward each other the pins K enter the bunch at both ends, and then the shaft K is rocked, so as to cause the arm K to swing upward, the pins K then carrying the finished bunch along-that is, removing it from the discharge-cup and lifting it above the carrier A. When this has been done, the arms K again move apart, so that the pins discharge the bunch, and the latter is now taken hold of by the operator or carried off by a suitable mechanism. (Not shown.) The pins K normally are at rest in this last-mentioned position, and said pins engage the finished bunch in the discharge-cup after the cover has been removed from the discharge-cup and carried over to the entrance-cup, as previously explained. The pins K form longitudinal central op'enings in the bunch, thus producing draft-openings in the bunch to insure good smoking of the finished cigar.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the bunches are cut ofi to uniform length previous to feeding the bunches into the cups of the bunch-carrier, and during the time the bunches are in the carrier they are subjected to uniform pressure and at the same time to heat or other desirable influences to shape the bunches all alike and to remove any deleterious matter. WVhen the bunch is finally discharged from the machine, it is exceedingly smooth, and thereby greatly facilitates the usual subsequent process of wrapping. By the use of the machine a large quantity of bunches can be readily shaped in a comparatively short time.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. A bunch-shaping machine, comprising an intermittently-rotating bunch-carrier having a plurality of cups and covers, and a device for removing a cup-cover from one of the cups and placing it on an adjacent cup, as set forth.

2. A bunclrshaping machine, comprising an intermittently-rotating bunch-carrier having a plurality of cups and covers therefor, the covers being one less in number than the cups, a feeding device for feeding a bunch into an open cup, and a transferring device for transferring the cover from the cup containing the finished bunch to the cup filled taining a finished bunch and placing it on an adjacent cup containing a new bunch, means for intermittently rotating said carrier, and means for actuating said transferring device at the time the carrier is at a standstill, as set forth.

4. A bunch-shaping machine, comprising intermittently-rotating bunch-carriers, and a feeding device for automatically feeding bunches alternately to said carriers, as set forth.

5. A bunch-shapingmachine, provided with intermittently-rotating bunch-carriers, heated compartments in which the bunch-carriers rotate, and a feeding device for automatically feeding bunches alternately to said carriers, as set forth.

6. Abunch-shaping machine, provided with intermittently-rotating bunch-carriers,heated compartments in which the bunch-carriers rotate, a feeding device for automatically feeding bunches alternately to said carriers, and means for automatically removing the finished bunches from the carriers, as set forth.

7. A bunch-shaping machine, comprising a compartment having a top opening, an intermittently-rotating carrier in said compartment and extending with its peripheral surface through said opening, cups arranged on said carrier, covers for said cups, a feeding device for feeding the bunches into the cups at said top opening, and means for removing the finished bunches from the cups at the top opening, as set forth.

8. A bunch-shaping machine, comprising a compartment having a top opening, an intermittently-rotating carrier in said compartment and extending with its peripheral surface adjacent said opening, cups arranged on said carrier, covers for said cups, a feeding device for feeding the bunches into the cups at said top opening, means for removing the finished bunches from the cups at the top opening, and a pressure device in said compartment for pressing the covers during their passage in the compartment, as set forth.

9. A bunch-shaping machine, comprising a compartment having a top opening, an intermittently-rotating carrier in said compartment and extending with its peripheral surface adjacent said opening, cups arranged on said carrier, covers for said cups, a feeding device for feeding the bunches into the cups at said top opening, means for removing the finished bunches from the cups at the top opening, a pressure device in said compartment for pressing the covers during their passage in the compartment, and retaining devices for said covers arranged between said pressure devices and the top opening of the compartment, as set forth.

10. Abunch-shapingmachine, comprising a compartment, a carrier mounted to turn intermittently in said compartment and having cups and covers for the same, means for pressing the covers during their passage in the compartment, a feeding device for feeding the bunches into the cups at a top opening of the compartment, a transferring device for transferring a cover from the discharge-cup to the receiving-cup, and a bunch-removingdevice for removing a finished bunch from said discharge-cup, as set forth.

l1. bunch-shaping machine, comprisinga compartment, a carrier mounted to turn intermittently in said compartment and having cups and covers for the same, means for pressing the covers during their passage in the compartment, a feeding device for feeding the bunches into the cups at a top opening of the compartment, a transferring device for transferring a cover from the discharge-cup to the receiving-cup, a bunch-removing device for removing a finished bunch from said dischargecup, and means for imparting synchronous movement to the several devices to cause the same to operate in sequence, as described.

12. A bunch-shaping machine,providcd with a reciprocating feed-carriage, cutting devices for cutting off the bunch ends at the ends of said carriage, and means for opening and closing said cutting devices and for moving the same out of the path of the carriage, as set forth.

13. A bunch-shaping machine provided with a feed-carriage, a feed-table over which moves said carriage and having a V-shaped groove,

a switch in the apex of said V-shaped groove,

and means for imparting movement to said carriage, said means controlling said switch to move the carriage, alternately along the legs of said groove, as set forth.

14. A bunch-shaping machine provided with a feed-carriage, comprising two transverse members having inclined inner faces, rods on one of the members and mounted to slide in the other member, springs for pressing said rods, and means connected with the member in which the rods are mounted to slide, to impart movement to the carriage, as set forth.

l5. Abunch-shapingmachine,provided with a feed-carriage, comprising two transverse members having inclined inner faces, rods on one of the members and mounted to slide in the other member, springs for pressing said rods, means connected with the member in which the rods are mounted toslide, to impart movement to the carriage, and stops for engagement by said rods, to open the members for the reception of the bunch, as set forth.

16. A bunch-shaping machine,provided with an intermittently rotating carrier having cups, 2. feed-carriage for bringing a bunch over one of the cups, said carriage having a springpressed member to allow the carriage to open, and a pushing device for engaging the bunch in the carriage and pushing the same out of the carriage into a cup of the carrier, as set forth.

17 A bunch-shaping machine provided with a feeding device for the bunch-carrier, comprising a table, a carriage movable over the said table and having members between which the hunch is held, one of the members being spring-pressed, and stops on the rear end of the table for opening the spring-pressed member at the time the carriage reaches a rearmost receiving position, as set forth.

18. A bu nch-shaping machine provided with a feeding device for the bunch-carrier, comprising a table, a carriage movable over the said table and having members between which the hunch is held, one of the members being spring-pressed, and stops on the forward end of the table to right the carriage when moving into a discharge position, as set forth.

19. A bunch-shaping machine having a cutting device for cutting off the ends of the bunch, comprising pairs of cutters, a single pivot for the pairs of cutters, and means engaging the said pivot for bodily and simultaneously moving the pairs of cutters to bring the same into and out of position for cutting the ends of the bunch, as set forth.

20. A bunch-shaping machine having a cutting device for cutting ofl the ends of the bunch, comprising pairs of cutters, a single pivot for the pairs of cutters, means engaging the said pivot for bodily and simultaneously moving the pairs of cutters to bring the same into and out of position for cutting the ends of the bunch, and means for simultaneously opening and closing the pairs of cutters, as set forth.

21. A bunch-shaping machine having a cutting device for cutting off the ends of the bunch, comprising pairs of cutters, a single pivot for the pairs of cutters, means engaging the said pivot for bodily and simultaneously moving the pairs of cutters to bring the same into and out of position for cutting the ends of the bunch, and means for simultaneously opening and closing the pairs of cutters, the said means consisting of pairs of links connected with the cutters, a pivot engaged by the said pairs of links and means for imparting movement to the said pivot, as set forth.

22. A bunch-shaping machine having a cutting device for cutting off the ends of the bunch, comprising pairs of cutters, pairs of links connected with the pairs of cutters, a pivot carrying the pairs of links, and means for moving the pivot to open and close the pairs of cutters simultaneously, as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

JOSEPH D. LACROIX.

Witnesses:

Tnno. G. HOSTER, EVERARD B. MARSHALL. 

